Turbocharger is an engine component that functions to increase engine power by utilizing exhaust gas flow discharge which is converted into rotation in order to compress the incoming air flow through the intake before entering the engine cylinder.
With this turbocharger, even small-dimensional machines can have a large amount of power so that they are considered more effective and efficient to boost engine power instantly.
With the use of a turbocharger, at least the engine power can increase by up to 50 percent when compared to the same engine without a turbocharger. For more details about this turbocharger, my friend can read it in the article What is a turbo, the functions, and benefits of a turbo that Ombro has written before.
Well, in this article, ombro will share information about the types of turbochargers. Here are the types of turbochargers in cars...
The first type of turbocharger is the Fixed Geometry Turbo (FGT). This type of turbo is a turbo that is currently common and widely used in vehicles both on diesel engines and gasoline engines.
FGT itself has the simplest turbocharger design where the geometry of the turbine and compressor is fixed (cannot be changed) and the boost pressure is completely determined by the exhaust gas flow.
This type of turbocharger does not have other additional devices to adjust the boost pressure at each engine speed so that this type of turbo has a weakness called "turbo lag".
Turbo lag is the time it takes for the turbocharger to start when the gas pedal is fully pressed until the engine responds and produces additional pressure. At this time there will be a power vacuum until the turbo blows solid air into the engine. One of the effects that occur due to turbo lag is a slow engine acceleration response
Yes, with this FGT type turbocharger, the surge in engine power will only be felt at certain engine speeds, for example starting at 2200 rpm. Therefore, a new type of turbocharger has been developed, namely the Variable Geometry Turbo (VGT) which will also be the next discussion in this article.
The next type of turbocharger is the Variable Geometry Turbo (VGT). This type of turbo is a development of the previous FGT turbocharger. As the name implies, Variable Geometry Turbo (VGT) is a turbo whose turbine geometry can change according to engine speed and load.
Yes, on the turbine section of this VGT type turbocharger there are fin blades that can adjust the amount of exhaust gas flow according to the rotation speed and engine load. That way, the surge in engine power will be more pronounced and more evenly distributed from low rpm to high rpm. So, by itself it will eliminate the turbo lag problem that previously occurred in the FGT type turbocharger.
For a further explanation about Variable Geometry Turbo, please read the article Getting to Know Variable Geometry Turbo (VGT) which has been posted previously.
In addition, this VGT is also divided into 2 types which are separated based on the driving fins on the turbine, namely:
A. Vacuum type VGT turbocharger
This type of VGT turbocharger uses the engine's vacuum system to regulate the opening and closing of the turbine fins. Examples of the application of this type of VGT turbocharger can be seen on the Pajero sport Dakar and Nissan Navara vehicles.
B. Turbocharger VGT type DC motor
This type of VGT turbocharger uses a DC motor (DC type drive motor) which is controlled directly by the Engine Control Unit (ECU) to drive the fins around the turbine. Examples of the application of this DC motor type VGT turbocharger can be seen on Fortuner and Hilux vehicles.
That's the article about the types of turbochargers that Ombro can convey this time, hopefully it can be useful.
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